Wild Animals in the Suburbs - How Habitat Loss Impacts American Wildlife

In recent years reports of wild animals in unusualthe first British colonists arrived in the seventeenth
locations have become quite common. Packs ofcentury, the East Coast was one huge tract of virgin
coyotes prowling the hills outside (and inside) of Losforest. Bison and elk lived on the East Coast, though
Angeles encourage people to build tall walls or fencesthey were smaller versions of their western cousins.
around their homes. In the eastern part of the UnitedThe colonists soon cleared away the forest for farms,
States, homeowners often spot deer on theirhomesteads, and the burgeoning timber business.
suburban lawns.Trappers went into the forest to harvest animals' furs.
Twenty years ago, sightings of wild animals generallyNow, there are only a few hidden pockets of virgin
occurred in environmentally appropriate areas. When Iforest. The wildlife that depended on such areas is
was growing up in the late/mid twentieth century, themostly gone. America has created several extinctions
sight of a fox or deer was a thrill to be related withincluding the end of the famous passenger pigeon.
great excitement. Nowadays, the deer wander behindFlocks of passenger pigeons were once so huge, they
shopping centers and garden shops on the outskirts ofdarkened the sky with their passing. Despite the huge
cities sell deer repellent.numbers of the pigeons, not one is left today. They
Why are these wild animals invading highly populatedwere hunted into oblivion.
regions? The answer is simple. The building boom ofIn the American south, the Ivory Bill woodpecker lived in
the 1980's and 1990's ate into outlying areas, creatinghardwood bottomland and cypress swamps. But after
vast tracks of housing developments in rural areas.the Civil War, timber companies invaded, creating more
The people who moved into the new houses neededdevastation than the war did. Southern hardwood
schools, hospitals, and shopping centers so even moreforests disappeared at an alarming rate. By the early
land was paved over. Animals with survival skillspart of the twentieth century, the Ivory Bill was an
learned to live with people, roads, and populatedincreasingly rare sight. Trophy hunters shot occasional
locations. They adapted to their new surroundings.Ivory Bills, just to prove they were still around. As
As rural areas filled with bulldozers and noisysightings decreased, and decades passed, the Ivory Bill
construction equipment, some of the wild animals fledwoodpecker was assumed to be extinct, doomed by
the disruption. They moved towards the cities, travelinghabitat loss.
along the green, wooded paths near highways. OnceThe American bison is a familiar emblem of the United
in the suburbs, they found some sheltering trees andStates of America. Bisons have been depicted on
shrubbery. Food was available. Deer located gardens.coins, and they dwell in our minds as symbols of
Foxes dined on rats, mice, and the occasional rabbit.American wildlife, and stand as the signature animal of
Hawks trolled back yards in search of bird feeders orthe great American prairie. But, the American bison
hung out near the highways looking for unwary micewas dragged to the brink of extinction by hunting.
or rats.Buffalo killing trips were conducted from train windows,
Obviously, some incursion of wildlife has been helpful toand the bison were shot as the trains passed, their
suburban regions. The hawks, owls, and fox feed onbodies left to rot on the plains.
vermin. Their food preferences are good for theAmerica has done a lot of damage to wildlife in its
neighborhood. But once those beautiful deer startshort history. The wild things that lately invade the
munching on the azaleas, they are no longer sosuburbs display a wonderful ability to adapt to unlikely
appealing.surroundings. So, the next time you see something
Coyotes, in the west as well as the eastern coyotesunusual, something a bit different, not quite a dog, and
that have increased their range greatly, consumeyou wonder what you are looking at - maybe it is a
vermin, but will gobble up the family cat or a small dog.wild animal, a bear, a coyote, or a fox right out there in
The loss of habitat in America is an old story. Whenyour own back yard.