Understanding Game Animal Habitats

In order for a healthy population of any species ofcover and nesting cover.
animal to thrive, good habitat is required. The basics ofEscape cover offers protection from predators.
food, water and shelter apply to all animals as well asAnimals must be able to get to escape cover quickly,
humans. The term 'good' habitat varies depending ontherefore, it needs to be close to the feeding areas. If
the type of animal. Some need food and water daily,suitable escape cover is not near by animals will not
others can live for long periods in very harsh conditionslive in that area. Small animals like pheasant and quail
with little food and water. Some need grassy areas,can use thick, low lying brush and grass as cover.
others wooded.Deer and elk need thick stands of smaller trees and
The best type of habitat for most game animals has alarger bushes for escape cover.
variety of plant life. An area with mixed plant and treeBedding cover must offer protection from the
species will support more species of animal at highelements as well as from predators. Areas of thick
population levels than a habitat that contains primarilyvegetation are generally where animals will bed. Small
one species of tree or plant.game will use very thick smaller brush type areas,
A good example of a singular species habitat is awhere as deer will use a hillside that offers thick cover
stand of pine trees. The heavy cover of pine needlesand takes advantage of prevailing winds to scent
on the ground makes it very difficult for otherpotential threats.
vegetation to take hold. Couple the needles on theLoafing cover is the area where animals will hang out
ground with a heavy canopy that does not allow muchbetween feeding and bedding. This area is typically
light to get to the ground and very few plants will befairly thick, but not so much as they can't move around.
able to grow. An area where a stand of mature pineIt offers some protection, but not as much as escape
trees live is usually devoid of game animals.cover or the bedding cover.
An area where there tends to be a lot of plantShelter cover is used for protection from extreme cold
diversity is what is known as edge habitat. This is anand wet conditions. This cover tends be very thick and
area that changes from one type of habitat tonot easily accessible even by the animals that use it.
another. Good examples are large a hardwood forestLook for vine type bushes for small game, and small
and a field; forest and a swamp; power line clearings,conifer or thick swampy areas for larger game.
and mountain slopes where grassy foothills meetNesting cover is where animals have their young. This
hardwoods. This edge habitat will often contain berryarea must be dry and protected from the weather, but
producing plants for food and enough thick cover foralso very difficult for predators to get to. Most animals
the animals to hide and live in.have their young in the spring when the wet areas
When looking for game animals, search out edgetend to be more wide spread. Nesting cover is less
habitat and look for cover the animals can use. Huntingimportant to the hunter due to the fact that most
is all about finding the most likely spot the animals willhunting is done in the fall (turkey hunting is the
live and hunting in that location. Published studiesacception), but knowing that nesting is done in a certain
suggest 70-90% of all game lives in edge habitat.area will almost always mean animals will be in that
Once you have identified an edge habitat, you nowgeneral area in the fall.
need to look for the kinds of cover animals need.When you learn to identify edge habit and the different
There are different kinds of cover animal utilize:types of cover game animals use, you will be well
Escape cover, bedding cover, loafing cover, shelteralong your way to a successful hunt.